Outline and comment on the two schools Essay Example for Free

Outline and comment on the two schools Essay Outline and comment on the two schools of thought involved in the study of the nature-nurture debate in development. Explain, using examples, why this debate gives rise to so much controversy.  The debate concerning the two schools of thought involved in the study of the nature versus nurture is one of the most controversial and long-lasting debates in psychology. Psychologists disagree whether a particular part of behaviour had taken place through genetic and heredity factors or through experience in their environment and learning. Psychologists are trying to answer, What makes us who we are? and consider two main influences. Firstly nature which is involved in genes and heredity, and their influences on our development, and secondly nurture which is involved in external influences on our development such as the environment and nurturing. Psychologists were divided into two schools of thought, firstly the nativists, who are concerned with the nature side of the debate. In 1943 Gesell argued that genes and chromosomes that are inherited are the main influence in child development (Hayes and Orrell 1996, pg 2). For example: Gesell found that the development of physical coordination in a baby seemed to follow an orderly sequence, beginning with its head, and gradually moved down the body. Gesell regarded these sequences of development as being fixed and genetically determined (Hayes N 1993, pg 31). See more: what is essay format Genes are lengths of DNA, which carry instructions that control everything that happens inside a cell. They are passed onto the next generation in order to avoid extinction. Each body cell contains two sets of 23 chromosomes and each chromosome contains up to 4000 genes. (Barber M et al 2000, pg 480). Every newborn baby has around 60,000 genes; they have two copies of each gene and inherit one set from the mother and one set from the father. (Barber M et al 2000,pg 504). We portray some of these genes in our similarities in appearance to our parents or other members of our immediate family, or when generations have been skipped. For example our eye and hair colour is similar or our height, build and weight is similar to our parents. Genes can be recessive or dominant. For example: The gene that gives the colour in brown eyes is a dominant gene and the blue gene that results in blue eyes is a recessive gene. A child will have brown eyes if one of its parents had brown eyes even if the other parent had blue eyes. That child will still have the blue-eyed gene and may pass it on to the next generation (Hayes and Orrell 1996, pg 5). Some diseases are inherited mainly because of faulty genes. For example: Huntingdon disease is caused by a faulty gene and causes premature degeneration of the brain (Barber M et al 2000,pg 504). Downs syndrome is another example of a genetic disorder, which has resulted from the presence of an extra chromosome and causes physical and mental handicaps to different degrees of severity (Hayes and Orrell 1996, pg 4).  As well as inherited characteristics and features there is also evidence of inherited behaviour. This was shown in 1938 in Lorenz and Tinbergens 4 characteristics in animal behaviour: Stereotyped this behaviour happens the same way every time.  Species specific this behaviour is specific to a certain type of animal.  Isolation this behaviour is the same as others of their species, even if they have been isolated.  No practice this behaviour appears as a complete unit even if the animal has had no chance to practice it. (Hayes and Orrell 1996 pg 9 Class notes)  Imprinting is a type of behaviour that can form rapid attachments and is also believed to be genetically influenced. For example: Ducklings had become imprinted on a human being. Lorenz found that ducklings would adopt him if he were the first moving thing they saw. He believed this would only take place in the critical period, up to 25 hours after hatching. This was questioned by, (W Slucking in 1964.) After his own study of the same experiment, he found the period was extended if the ducklings were isolated from one another, and hadnt been able to imprint on each other (Hayes N 1993, pg 39). Behaviours we inherit dont show up all at once. Certain forms of behaviour emerge when the individual is mature enough. This is known as maturation, for example, the physiological changes that take place in puberty (Hayes Orrell 1996 pg 7). There are disagreements between the nativists and behaviourists about whether or not maturation is purely genetic. (Hayes N 1993, pg 32).  This brings the debate to the other side of the disagreement and behaviourists also known, as empiricists, believe nurture is the main influence in development. In 1913, J.B. Watson attempted to make psychology `Scientific`. Previously psychology had concentrated on the study of the mind, Watson argued that the mind was not suitable for valid scientific research, so instead he studied behaviour (Hayes N 1995, pg 3). Watson was a total empiricist believing the environment was the only important factor in an individuals development. He considered that a child was born as tabula rasa a blank slate, which experience would write upon to produce the person (Hayes Orrell 1996, pg 2.

Essay --

Some resources needed to become a record label owner consist of, a â€Å"go to guy or girl† for graphic design, merchandise printers, a talent manager. Some common sense things that would professional in this career might be: moderate typing skills and a lot of patience. A great way to catch people’s attention is a logo. A professional looking logo is always worth how ever much it is priced or quoted by the graphic designer you choose to use. There are many so don’t think your choices are limited. I personally know 10 off the top of my head, including myself. But for the best work, it’s sometimes better to have someone else do your graphic design work, as it’s not burdening you on your other jobs you need to look into for your label. Usually graphic designers are common with mostly all of the social media sites out there. The main sites that I’ve seen graphic designers on, include: Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Instagram, and usually their own site recommended by someone on any of the above social media sites. That guy would most likely be doing all of your merchandise for your label, or bands as well. Merchandise (aka. merch) printer/distributors’, is a great thing to have when you’re a record label owner. Especially if your designer does a great job that wants people to spend their money on your merch. A great thing to look for in a merch printer/distributor, is by looking into their previous customers. Seeing if they had any problems, or any setbacks, or just problems with being unprepared. Finding someone who already has a flat rate is great because their flat rate can give you the number you’re looking for when saving your money or purchasing your printed merch. Being able to tell a good band apart from a mediocre, not really... ...ught as a threat. Other labels don’t really enjoy competition, especially when your label takes a band that they wanted to sign to their label. Another great way to get attention is promotional pages on Facebook, Twitter, and other sites that have a smaller fan base, but want attention to their small time bands. When using promotional pages you always try to get â€Å"Likes† on your Facebook, because usually that’s one of the first thing a band looks for when looking for a label. Then it’s professional qualities. Activity on the page, maturity, and so on. Say for example, my label partner and I have discussed that no other label this close to their inception looks this professional AND can provide what we can for our bands. That includes discounted designs, music videos, lyric videos (typography videos), promotion, and many more things â€Å"Afflicted Records† can provide.

Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation Essay

Martin Luther is credited for starting the Protestant Reformation by declaring the corruption he saw in the Roman Catholic Church. By standing firm in his faith and openly going against the church, he’s able to get the people thinking for themselves and discovering the truth of their leaders and religion. Martin Luther was born November 10, 1483 in Eislenben, Germany, to copper miner Hans and peasant Margaretha Luder. Living in poverty, his father is set on Luther becoming a lawyer for higher income and family honor. In 1501, he enrolled at Master of Arts in Erford, and received his Bachelor’s degree in 1502 and Master’s in 1505. He then enrolled to the law school. In 1505, he’s caught in a thunderstorm and asks God for deliverance. Since he lived through the fright, he then devotes himself to God, dropping out of law school and joining the monastery, although against his father’s orders. While searching for personal salvation, Luther took his spiritual growth very seriously and often times punished himself. He spent most hours praying and confessing. Through this, he began to notice his frequent and awful sins. He was told to follow after academics which he then taught theology at the University of Wittenberg. On October 18, 1512, he is given a Doctorate in Theology. In 1513, he studied Psalm 22 and gained enlightenment. He realized, as Paul said, â€Å"The just will live by faith,† and that salvation comes with solely faith and not religious works or practices. Luther’s knowledge of the Scriptures and his analytical mind caused him to see the power-hungry church leaders’ corruption. A major issue Luther saw was the selling of indulgences which were ways to get people of the church to pay for prayers and salvation. The Roman Catholic Church used these indulgences to put fear into their followers and money into their own pockets. Along with that complaint and others, Martin Luther nailed the 95 Theses to the church door on October 31, 1517. Within two weeks, the news of his rebellion spread through Germany and throughout Europe in two months. The Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press played a vital role in this expansion. Within days, many copies of the news was made and sent out. This gave the people of the church and of the nations concrete evidence of their leaders’  corruption. Soon, the fear of the people faded and so did the church’s power. In 1520, Luther is threatened with excommunication from the church. In January of 1520 he is excommunicated and named as a heretic. In April of 1521, the Diet of Worms met and Luther is questioned about his act. He is told to recant but he refuses to do so unless the Scriptures would have him do otherwise. In 1522, Luther translates the New Testament to German where again, the printing press made it available to society. He also formed his own church, Lutheranism, and teaches his practices and gains followers. On June 13, 1525, he married former nun Katharina von Bora and went on to have six children together. As time goes on, he gains many health problems and dies at the age of 62 on February 18, 1546. Through personal enlightenment and rebellion, Martin Luther started the transformation of the Christian church and many of its practices today. By refusing the deception of the church, he leads a revolt against the church and sets the example of strong, unshakable faith. Luther’s impact on religion didn’t stop in the 1500s, and is still standing firm and modeling the religion of society now.

The Electric Car - 973 Words

The electric car is arguably the most controversial product released in the car industry. Why, because the energy used to power these cars come from non-renewable energy sources which actually use more energy than a gasoline burning automobile. The EV1 was a modern fully electric vehicle produced by General Motors (GM) from the years 1996-1999. In 1999 General Motors recalled and destroyed all but 40 of this revolutionary product, because it was an economic failure. It was a failure because it was improperly advertised and marketed. They tried selling the EV1 to the masses even though it was only meant to appeal to those looking to commute short distances and unfortunately having only leasing as opposed to being able to purchase one. Car owners understand how unappealing that is, and seeing how the average electric car speed capped off at a measly 60 MPH. So its easy to see how marketing helped prevent the EV1 from financial success Should we bring back the electric car? Yes, now more than ever the public and the planet itself needs a product such as this, with the world in its current eco crisis and its sources of fossil fuel at an all time low, a product such as the EV1 would change the market forever. The average North American citizen spends roughly $2,000 a year on the price of gasoline, studies show that the price to power a modern electric car is 3 cents a gallon, gasoline is about 12 cents a gallon so by doing some simple math you can see that the price an averageShow MoreRelatedThe Electric Car1165 Words   |  5 PagesIn 10 years, it is believed that the electric car will slowly start to push the gasoline/petrol vehicle to the curb, and it will do it with style and swagger. In this ever growing age of technology and advancement, more and more people are either looking very seriously into or have already transitioned from ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles. The transition is seemingly a slow one for the majority of the public and although it is understandable, it is also inevitable. Combustion engine vehiclesRead MoreElectric Cars737 Words   |  3 PagesTopic: Electric Vehicles General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about Electric Vehicles Central idea: Electric vehicles are starting to become very prominent in everyday life and even play an important role on modern civilization. Introduction Attention Getter: Who else in this room is tired of spending money on gas, or any other plague that accompanies modern day vehicles? Relevance to Audience: What if I were to tell you of a way where you didnt have to pay forRead Moreelectric cars1570 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Electric cars vs the gas oh line cars In the next ten years what the average American drives will be very different than today. Electric cars may phase out gasoline (Gasoline is also known as petrol) in the next couple of decade. Electric cars produce no tailpipe emissions and are much cheaper to fill up than the more common gasoline vehicles. Switching to electric cars will have more benefits than drawbacks in comparison to other fuels such as petrol and diesel. In order to switch to electricRead MoreElectric Cars : The Benefits Of Electric Vehicles1027 Words   |  5 PagesElectric Vehicles produce few or none emissions, which can provide a healthy and clean environment. While driving electric vehicles does not emit any tailpipe emissions. Every year, many individuals die from air pollution caused by gasoline cars, but electric vehicles can reduce the number dramatically with their power source as a battery not emitting any carbon dioxide. Driving an electric vehicle can save lives and decrease, the number of deaths per year caused by air pollution. Manufacturing electricRead MoreDisadvantages Of Electric Cars1579 Words   |  7 Pagesof which were battery-electric cars (BEVs). These sales were the highest ever registered and allowed the global EV stock to hit the threshold of 2 million units in circulation†, according to the Energy International Agency. The debate on whether electric vehicles are truly more environmentally friendlier, safer, fuel efficient and overall more reliable than the average gasoline vehicle has been prevalent since the debut of electric vehicles on the streets. Driving an electric powered vehicle willRead MoreThe Development Of Electric Cars1591 Words   |  7 Pagesinterest in a cleaner alternative has continually increased with electric cars at the forefront of research and development. Federal government has been encouraging the development of electric cars through a wide range of policies. Despite the competitiveness in the automotive industry, Tesla Motors is confidently leading the charge in the innovation of electric cars and has established i tself as one of the most successful electric car companies today with the guidance of other accomplished firms.Read MoreElectric Cars Essay716 Words   |  3 PagesYou shower, brush your teeth, turn off the lights and plug in your†¦car. This seems like an estranged concept but will be or at least should be a reality for most motorists. Electric cars are a better means of transportation than gasoline powered cars, due to the fact that they save you money in multiple ways, help combat global warming and boost a country’s economy. To begin with, electric cars are better for the planet. They decrease the emission of greenhouse gases and increase air quality. InitiallyRead MoreElectric Car and Tesla2734 Words   |  11 Pagescompetitive input pricing. However, the electric vehicle (EV) industry demonstrates a different type of dynamic. Consumer power is middling, due to slightly higher switching costs and the limited selection of mass produced EVs currently available. The threat of new entrants is much greater since both traditional automakers are entering the electric market, complemented by an ever-increasing number of start-ups. Around 1890, the first American electric car powered by 24 batteries had a range of 50Read MoreElectric Cars by Tesla1896 Words   |  8 PagesINTERNATIONAL MARKETING: ELECTRIC CARS BY TESLA MOTORS Submitted by: Bruks BM 236 THE TREND OF THE FUTURE: ELECTRIC CARS BY TESLA MOTORS I. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS The concern for the environment has never been bigger than at the turn of the century. The growing acceptance of global warming, coupled with the growing green marketing galore gave impetus for the clamor for major auto companies to build a better and more affordable electric car. This plus theRead MoreThe Electric Drive Revolution And Electric Cars1539 Words   |  7 PagesParagraph The electric drive revolution will become accepted and advance over time, just like computers and cell phones have over the last few days (anonymous). Electric cars have been around for many years. But they just started coming back around in the 21st century. Before anyone who had charging stations they would have to switch out their battery for their electric car whenever it ran out. The electric cars were created to basically compete with gas-powered cars. They were also created